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The first published translation into Spanish of
Shakespeare's Hamlet was by Ramón de la Cruz
in 1772. It was a second-hand verse translation based on
the 1769 French version by M. Ducis, who not knowing
English, had used Pierre Antoine de la Place's English
Theatre edition, and who only had translated the most
important scenes or those he liked. The first translation
directly from English entered Spain in prose after Leandro
Fernández de Moratín (a.k.a. Inarco Celenio)
published it, after a longer stay in London as embassador of
Ferdinand VII, in 1798 and since then has been reedited
thirty-three times throughout the nineteenth and twentieth
century (Serrano, 29, specially 177ff.) As neo-classical as
the French versions by M. Ducis Leandro Fernández
de Moratín made an important difference not so
much through his job as a translator but by being
accompanied by the Shakespearean actor Kemble, who helped
him and Spain better understand Shakespeare.
Alcalá Galiano, Eduardo Bonet, Matías de
Velasco Rojas, Benítez Pérez Galdós,
Pedro Antonio de Alarcón, Sánchez de Castro or
Menéndez Pelayo among others increased continuously
the interest of Spaniards in Shakespeare's plays and made
him more accesible, but it is thanks to two Englishmen
living in Spain, Jaime Clark and William
Macpherson, who tried to make Shakespeare more truely
English, that Spain started knowing the original. Clark
succeeded in translating 10 plays before he died and which
where published as a 5 volume edition in Madrid between 1872
and 1876.Macpherson's 8 volumes published in Madrid in 1873
contained the twenty-three plays he translated into Spanish
keeping the differentiation between verse and prose as did
Clark's version. Clark's use of the hendecasyllabic verse
forced him to break his faithfull rythm and sometimes to
alter the original.
In Catalonia, for example, and during the early twentieth
century, a period nowadays known as "Noucentisme", produced
an astonishing number of translations into Catalan, as it
was trying to built and renew the stage and theatrical
tradition, thus to mention but only a few, you still can
read Artur Masriera's Hamlet; Salvador Vilaregut's
JuliusCaesar; Cebrià de Montoliu's
Macbeth, Josep Carner's A Midsummer Night's
Dream; Magí Morera i Galícia's
Coriolanus; Anfós Par's King Lear; or
Cèsar August Joradana's translations of ten of
Shakespeare's plays. The translations most performed and
best known in Catalan are the twenty-seven plays that Josep
María de Sagarra started in 1941 making him "the"
Catalan translator of Shakespeare
he first translation into basque is by the playwright and
theater director Toribio Alzaga's adaptation of Macbeth
(1926) and it was not until the 1950s that Bedita
Larrakoetxea started a systematic translation which took him
till the 1970s to complete.
The first translation into Galician, the fourth official
language of Spain, dates back to 1920 when Antón
Vilar Ponte supplied the text of The Merry Wives of
Windsor for an adaptation by the "Escola
Dramática Galega". The next translations into
Galician is A traxedia de Macbeth by F.Pérez
Barreiro of 1972 and Manuel Lorenzo translated and staged
Macbeth three years later in 1975. Towards the end of
the 1980s Miguel Pérez Romero translated A
Midsummer Night's Dream, The Merchant of Venice and
recently Hamlet.
SHESTRA
(Online database which records more than 500 Spanish translations of Shakespeare that have been published in Spain since 1772 up to 2006), maintained by Laura Campilio Arnaiz [http://cv1.cpd.ua.es/shestra/]
Shakespeare
in Spain (University of Murcia) [http://www.um.es/shakespeare/eng/proyecto.html]
Lopez, Daniel. Shakespeare en Espana (pdf)[http://www.um.es/shakespeare/eng/critica.html]
Fundacion Shakespeare Espana [http://www.uv.es/~fse/fsemenucas.html]
Catolonian: El
parany del ratolí
[http://www.uoc.es/jocs/1/translation/translation.html]
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Traductores
/ Translators
Acosta,
Darío Vélez
Columbian translator, biography:
http://www.xigla.com/w/deshakespeare/traductor.htm
examples (comparison with Luis Marin Astrana's translation)
(Hamlet):
[http://www.xigla.com/w/deshakespeare/comparacion.htm]
de
Alarcón, Pedro Antonio
Pedro Antonio de
Alarcon (1833-1891): biografia
Alcalá -Galiano, Antonio
Antonio
Alcalá-Galiano (1789 -1865)
Astrana
Marín, Luis (1929)
Astrana's richly
annotated prose translations have until recently been the
version most often seen and heard in Spanish theatre even
till the end of the twentieth century.
A
buen fin no hay mal principio;
Los
dos hidalgos de Verona
; Otelo
: el moro de Venecia ;
El
rey Ricardo II
; Sueño
de una noche de San Juan;
Trabajos
de amor perdidos
Las alegres comadres de Windsor (PDF-file)
Luis
Astrana Marin
(1889-1959)
[http://cervantesvirtual.com/FichaAutor.html?Ref=1663]
examples (comparison
with Darío Vélez Acosta's translation)
(Hamlet):
[http://www.xigla.com/w/deshakespeare/comparacion.htm]
Barreiro,
Perez (1972)
A traxedia de Macbeth by F.Pérez Barreiro (in
Galician)
Blanco-White,
José María
José María Blanco y Crespo alias José
María Blanco White (1775-1841)
biography
[http://www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/josemariablancowhite.html]
Böhl
de Faber, Juan Nicolas
Johann Nikolas Böhl von Faber (1770-1864) introduced
Shakespeare with his "Reflexiones de Schlegel sobre el
teatro, traducidas del alemán" (1814)
Benavente,
Jacinto (1899, 1911)
El Rey Lear
1911 (translation, based on King Lear)
Cuento de Amor, 1899 (based on Twelfth Night)
Jacinto Benavente (1866-1954): biography
[http://www.nobel.se/literature/laureates/1922/benavente-bio.html]
Cané, Miguel (1900)
Enrique IV
(PDF-file)
Miguel Cané (1851-1905) biografia
[http://www.todo-argentina.net/Literatura_argentina/Biografias_de_literatura/cane_miguel.htm]
Caparros,
Martin (2000)
Romeo y Julieta, por el argentino Martín
Caparrós y la colombiana Erna van der Walde:
Nuevas
tradducciones de obras de Shakespeare,
ed. Marcelo Cohen
[http://www.lamaquinadeltiempo.com/temas/traducc/shakes01.htm]
Carner,
Josep
Joseo Carner (1844-19
biography
[http://www.escriptors.com/autors/carnerj/other.html]
A Midsummer Night's Dream (in Catalan)
Clark,
Jaime (1872-76)
Clark succeeded in
translating 10 plays before he died and which where
published as a 5 volume edition in Madrid between 1872 and
1876.
Hamlet (pdf-file).
Las alegres comrades de Windsor (pdf-file)
Cohen, Marcelo (2000)
Nuevas
tradducciones de obras de Shakespeare,
ed. Marcelo Cohen
[http://www.lamaquinadeltiempo.com/temas/traducc/shakes01.htm]
Conejero, Manuel Angel (1980 -)
The team called
"Instituto Shakespeare" under the direction by Manuel
Ángel Conejero, was formed in Valencia in 1978. Until
today this group has translated King Lear, Macbeth, The
Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, Othello, Romeo and
Juliet, Twelth Night, Hamlet, The Tempest, Richard II
and the most recent Anthony and Cleopatra in
2001.
webpage
[http://www.uv.es/~fse/curriculumMAC.html]
de la Cruz, Ramon (1772)
Hamlet a
second-hand verse translation based on the 1769 French
version by M. Ducis
Darío
Vélez
Acosta
see: Acosta
Dos Hermanas, Marques
see: Velasco
(Matías de Velasco y Rojas, Marqués de Dos
Hermanas Obras de William Shakespeare, traducidas
fielmente del original inglés, por el Marqués
de Dos Hermanas: 3 volúmenes)
Ehrenhaus, Andres (2000)
Pericles, príncipe de Tiro, por el argentino
Andrés Ehrenhaus: Nuevas
tradducciones de obras de Shakespeare,
ed. Marcelo Cohen
[http://www.lamaquinadeltiempo.com/temas/traducc/shakes01.htm]
Ferrater,
Gabriel
Coriolanus
(in Catalan)
Gabrfiel Ferrater, (1922-1972) biografia
Galiano, Antonio Alcalá
see:
Alcalá-Galiano, Antonio (1789
-1865)
Garcia, Manuel (1818)
Macbé
ó Los Remordimientos. Writtten in English by
Shakespeare, rewritten in French by Mr. Ducis, and
accomodated to the Spanish Theatre
Garcia de Villalta, José (1838)
Macbeth (pdf-File)
Joradana, Cèsar August
translations of ten of Shakespeare's plays (in Catalan).
La Calle,
Teodoro (1802)
Othello
(using M.Ducis' french adaptation)
Lorenzo, Manuel (1975)
Manuel Lorenzo translated and staged Macbeth (in
Galician)
Macpherson,
Guillermo (William) (1873)
Macpherson's 8 volumes published in Madrid in 1873 contained
the twenty-three plays he translated into Spanish keeping
the differentiation between verse and prose.
Maia, Circe (2000)
Medida por Medida, por la uruguaya Circe Maia:
Nuevas
tradducciones de obras de Shakespeare,
ed. Marcelo Cohen
[http://www.lamaquinadeltiempo.com/temas/traducc/shakes01.htm].
Martinez de
la Rosa
Marquez, José Arnaldo
Dramas de
Shakespeare, traducción de don José Arnaldo
Marquez
Masriera, Artur
Hamlet in Catalan.
Matóses, Manuel (1895,
1897)
La Fierecilla Domada Comedia en cuatro actos y en
prosa arreglada al español por Manuel Matóses
de la comedia de Shakespeare Taming of the Shrew
Estrenada con aplausos en el Teatro de la Comedia, la noche
del 31 de Enero de 1895. Madrid 1895
La Indómita.Comedia en tres actos y en prosa
arreglada al español por Manuel Matóses de la
comedia de Shakespeare Taming of the Shrew Estrenada
en el Teatro Cervantes, de Málaga, la noche del 23 de
Abril de 1897.)
de Montoliu,
Cebrià
Macbeth, (in Catalan)
Moratin,
Leandro Fernandez de (1798)
Hamlet 1798. Valera obras completas
Moratin
(1760-1828): bibliography and biography
[http://cervantesvirtual.com/bib_autor/Moratin/bibliografia.shtml
[http://cervantesvirtual.com/bib_autor/Moratin/bibliografia.shtml]
http://cervantesvirtual.com/bib_autor/Moratin/autor.shtml
Ortega Y Gasset 1957 (4) obras completas
Pidal
Morera i
Galícia, Magí
Coriolanus; (in Catalan)
Par, Anfós
King Lear; (in Catalan)
Pelayo,
Menéndez
Dramas de Guillermo Shakespeare, traducción de
D. Marcelino Meléndez Pelayo
Perez, Omar
(2000)
Como les guste, por el cubano Omar Pérez:
Nuevas
tradducciones de obras de Shakespeare,
ed. Marcelo Cohen
[http://www.lamaquinadeltiempo.com/temas/traducc/shakes01.htm]
Pérez Romero, Miguel (1980 -)
translated A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Merchant of
Venice and recently Hamlet into Galician
Pujante, Angel Luis (1986 - )
As a scholar of English Philology at the University of
Murcia he produces linguistically very sound and
semantically precise translations which retain all the
expressive elements of the original, because his main aim is
also the stage and therefore he tries to preserve the poetic
effectiveness for the actors. Espasa Calpe, his publishing
house, replaced Astrana Marín's translations by the
ones by Pujante trying to offer their readership a more
recent and up-to-date version of Shakespeare in their
classic literature collection.
Rojas,
Alejandra (2000)
Julio César, por la chilena Alejandra Rojas:
Nuevas
tradducciones de obras de Shakespeare,
ed. Marcelo Cohen
[http://www.lamaquinadeltiempo.com/temas/traducc/shakes01.htm]
de Sagarra,
Josep Maria
The translations
most performed and best known in Catalan.
biografia
[http://personal.iddeo.es/gla/Poesia/jm_sagar.htm]
Valverde,
Jose Maria (1967)
The other individual
translator after Astrana Marín who attempted to
translate all of Skakespeare's plays is José Mª
Valverde, calling his two volumes published in Barcelona in
1967 W.S. Teatro Completo. As Astrana already did in
1929 he also translates into prose only. A political exile
during the Franco regime and literary critic and academic he
aimed at conveying the semantic content even if for that
purpose he had to sacrifice certain sound effects, the rich
variety of styles and theatrical features that exist in
Shakespeare's plays.
van der Walde, Erna (2000)
Romeo y Julieta, por el argentino Martín
Caparrós y la colombiana Erna van der Walde:
Nuevas
tradducciones de obras de Shakespeare,
ed. Marcelo Cohen
[http://www.lamaquinadeltiempo.com/temas/traducc/shakes01.htm]
de Velasco
Rojas, Matías
Matías de
Velasco y Rojas, Marqués de Dos Hermanas Obras de
William Shakespeare, traducidas fielmente del original
inglés, por el Marqués de Dos Hermanas: 3
volúmenes
Julieta
y Romeo (1872)
[http://cervantesvirtual.com/FichaObra.html?Ref=2277]
Vilar Ponte, Antón (1920)
The Merry Wives
of Windsor in Galician
Vilaregut,
Salvador
JuliusCaesar in Catalan.
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Chronology
/ chronologia
(complete
works in bold type)
|
1772
|
Ramon de la Cruz, Hamlet (Ducis)
|
|
1798
|
Moratin, Hamlet
|
|
1802
|
Teodoro La Calle, Otello (Ducis)
|
|
1818
|
Manuel Garcia Macbé
ó Los Remordimientos. Writtten in
English by Shakespeare, rewritten in French by Mr.
Ducis, and accomodated to the Spanish Theatre
|
|
1872
|
Matías de
Velasco y Rojas, Marqués de Dos Hermanas
Obras de William Shakespeare, traducidas
fielmente del original inglés, por el
Marqués de Dos Hermanas: 3
volúmenes
|
|
1872-76
|
Jaime Clark (10 plays)
|
|
1873
|
William Macpherson (23 plays)
|
|
1895
|
Manuel Matóses La Fierecilla
Domada
|
|
1900
|
Cané, Miguel (Buenos Aires) Enrique
IV
|
|
1920
|
Antón Vilar
Ponte: The Merry Wives of Windsor (first
translation in Galician)
|
|
1929
|
Luis Astrano Marin: obras
completas
|
|
1967
|
Valverde, obras completas
|
|
1980 -
|
Manuel Angel Conejero
|
|
1986 -
|
Angel Luis Pujante
|
top
Sonetos
Astrana
Marín, Luis
Jofré, Mario
Mañe
Garzón, Pablo
Mujica Láinez, Manuel
48 Sonetos de Amor Traducción de Manuel Mujica
Láinez
Tacoronte, Ariel Laurencio (entre 1995 y 1998)
Cuban
translator
sonetos
[http://laurencio.webz.cz/shks]
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